Federal Appeals Court Affirms Right of Medication for Opioid Use Disorder While Incarcerated
RICHMOND, Va. – The Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals today reversed a lower court and ruled that a woman who is suing North Carolina prison officials for violating her rights under the Eighth Amendment and federal disability rights laws can bring her claims to trial. She is seeking damages for being shackled by prison officials shortly before, during, and after childbirth, and being denied her access to medication for opioid use disorder after giving birth.
The woman, Tracey Edwards, was incarcerated in the North Carolina Correctional Institution for Women (NCCIW). Prison officials abruptly cut off Ms. Edwards' medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) after she gave birth, causing an extremely painful, dangerous, and unnecessary withdrawal. They also kept Ms. Edwards shackled shortly before, and at times during and after giving birth – in direct violation of the prison system’s own policy – causing severe pain and interfering with Ms. Edwards’ ability to bond with her newborn child.
Ms. Edwards brought claims for damages under the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment and federal disability rights laws, including the Americans with Disabilities Act and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. Her claims were thrown out by the district court, but today’s ruling from the Fourth Circuit reverses that decision and remands the case to the district court for further proceedings.
“More than half a decade after Ms. Edwards faced horrific treatment behind bars, she’s still fighting for accountability for what happened to her. In the midst of a deadly overdose crisis, we need to use every tool at our disposal to save lives, including medication for opioid use disorder,” said Joseph Longley, staff attorney with the Ƶ Disability Rights Program. “Instead of banning care, jails and prisons should be providing the basic health care that incarcerated people need to survive.”
In the opinion written by the three-judge panel, the court recognizes the “growing recognition that substance use and [opioid use disorder] are disabilities.” The judges also write that a reasonable jury could conclude that Ms. Edwards’ shackling during childbirth and the denial of MOUD was “far from constitutionally adequate treatment.”
“Ms. Edwards should have never been shackled or denied MOUD. These actions not only had severe impacts on her health and well-being, but gravely violated her civil rights and the prison's own policies. We're grateful the court will allow Ms. Edwards to bring her case to trial,” said Hassan Zavareei, managing partner at Tycko & Zavareei LLP.
The court also writes that it is “clearly established” that there is a “constitutional right to receive adequate medical care and to be free from officials’ deliberate indifference to their known medical needs.”
“This is a refreshing win that furthers what we already know: denial of MOUD violates the law and courts are willing to demand accountability,” said Amelia Caramadre, attorney at Kaplan & Grady.
“Prison officials broke their own rules to shackle Ms. Edwards during labor and childbirth, then invoked their own rules to abruptly cut off her medication, throwing her into withdrawal and leaving her in pain she described as worse than the pain of giving birth,” said Samuel Weiss, Executive Director of Rights Behind Bars. “We should not tolerate this kind of treatment in our prisons any more than we would tolerate it anywhere else.”
Ms. Edwards was represented in the appeal by the Ƶ, Ƶ of North Carolina, Rights Behind Bars, Tycko & Zavareei LLP, and Kaplan & Grady LLC.
Court Case: Edwards v. Witherspoon
Affiliate: North Carolina